Cough

What is coughing?

Coughing is a reflex that is meant to protect the airways from foreign material, including infectious organisms. When coughing persists for a prolonged period, it may have adverse effects. There are a number of types of cough that may need medical treatment. An acute cough prolongs less than three weeks, while a chronic cough generally lasts for more than eight weeks. This distinction is made because there are far fewer serious causes of acute cough, and it is more likely to resolve spontaneously.

What causes coughing?

Chronic cough may be caused by a number of factors, the most common of which is a respiratory tract infection. Coughs may also be caused by smoking, asthma, and a range of other conditions, including a postnasal drip, a bacterial infection such as pneumonia, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors utilised for high blood pressure, can lead to coughing as an adverse effect. Environmental irritants, including pollution from industrial fumes and vehicle exhaust and chemicals in workplaces or household cleaning products, can trigger coughing.

Coughing treatment:

The treatment best suited for your cough will depend on the underlying cause. It may be necessary to go for an x-ray and lung function tests to determine the cause of your cough. Often, more than one cause is identified, and the cough needs treatment to resolve. This may take weeks to months. There are several treatment approaches, including:

• Medication: Medications for treating coughing vary based on the underlying cause. Antitussives, such as dextromethorphan, are used to suppress dry coughs. Expectorants, like guaifenesin, help clear mucus from the airways. Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial infections. Inhalers and nebulisers are used for conditions like asthma and COPD to open the airways and improve breathing. Antihistamines are effective for reducing inflammation and mucus production in cases of allergies.
• Addressing underlying conditions: For allergies, this includes using air purifiers, taking antihistamines, and avoiding known allergens. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be managed through lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, and medications such as proton pump inhibitors. Smoking cessation is also crucial, as quitting smoking significantly reduces coughing and greatly improves overall respiratory health.
• Medical interventions: Bronchoscopy is used to remove foreign bodies from the airways or to assess the cause of a chronic cough. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs are designed for individuals with chronic lung conditions to improve their breathing efficiency and overall respiratory health. In rare cases, surgery may be necessary, such as when a tumour causing persistent cough needs to be removed.

FAQ

1. What is a bronchoscopy? 2. What is pulmonary rehabilitation? 3. Are there any home remedies that can help with coughing?