Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a digestive condition that occurs when the contents of the stomach moves back into the oesophagus (gullet). Also known as acid reflux, the condition often causes one to experience heartburn; a sour taste in the mouth; and difficulty swallowing. Reflux occurs when the lower oesophageal sphincter (a muscular valve in the gullet) is unable to close properly, allowing the contents of the stomach as well as the digestive juices, to enter the oesophagus.

The acid rich contents affect the lungs by 2 mechanisms:

1) A reflex triggered by the acid in the gullet leading to contraction of the tubes in the lungs and thus causing shortness of breath and or wheezing;

2) direct passage of the acid content into the lungs and then leading to lung injury. Factors that may contribute to the development of reflux include stress; the presence of a hiatus hernia; obesity; and particular foods. Foods such as carbonated drinks, coffee and chocolate are may often worsen acid reflux.

The diagnosis can be made by questioning, but often a gastroscopy (camera into the stomach) is necessary. Treatment consists of important dietary advice from a dietician together with drugs called proton pump inhibitors (PPI's).